Table 3:
Maternal Cardiac Lesions and Risk of Cardiac Complications During Pregnancy
Low Risk
  • Atrial septal defect
  • Ventricular septal defect
  • Patent ductus arteriosus
  • Asymptomatic AS with low mean gradient (<50 mm Hg) and normal LV function (EF>50%)
  • AR with normal LV function and NYHA class I or II
  • MVP (isolated or with mild/moderate MR and normal LV function)
  • MR with normal LV function and NYHA class I or II
  • Mild/moderate MS (MVA >1.5 cm2, mean gradient <5 mm Hg) without severe pulmonary hypertension
  • Mild/moderate PS
  • Repaired acyanotic congenital heart disease without residual cardiac dysfunction
Intermediate Risk
  • Large left to right shunt
  • Coarctation of the aorta
  • Marfan's syndrome with a normal aortic root
  • Moderate/severe MS
  • Mild/moderate AS
  • Severe PS
  • History of prior peripartum cardiomyopathy with no residual ventricular dysfunction
High Risk
  • Eisenmenger's syndrome
  • Severe pulmonary hypertension
  • Complex cyanotic heart disease (TOF, Ebstein's anomaly, TA, TGA, tricuspid atresia)
  • Marfan's syndrome with aortic root or valve involvement
  • Severe AS with or without symptoms
  • Aortic and/or mitral valve disease with moderate/severe LV dysfunction (EF<40%)
  • NYHA class III to IV symptoms associated with any valvular disease or with cardiomyopathy of any etiology
  • History of peripartum cardiomyopathy with persistent LV dysfunction
AS = aortic stenosis, LV = left ventricle, EF = ejection fraction, AR = aortic regurgitation, NYHA = New York Heart Association, MVP = mitral valve prolapse, MS = mitral stenosis, MVA = mitral valve area, PS = pulmonary stenosis, TOF = tetralogy of Falot, TA = Truncus arteriosus, TGA = transposition of the great arteries
Adapted from reference 3.
Copyright 2003 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

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